Kugawa Chitsulo Chosapanga Dzimbiri

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingagawidwe m'zigawo ziwiri: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha duplex malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka metallographic.

(1) Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic

Kapangidwe ka kutentha kwa chipinda cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi austenite, chomwe chimapangidwa powonjezera nickel yoyenera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chimakhala ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika ka austenite kokha ngati Cr ili ndi pafupifupi 18%, Ni 8% mpaka 25%, ndi C pafupifupi 0.1%. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chimachokera ku alloy yachitsulo ya Cr18Ni9. Pogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic yapangidwa.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic:
(1) 1Cr17Mn6Ni15N; (2) 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N; (3) 1Cr18Ni9; (4) 1Cr18Ni9Si3; (5) 06Cr19Ni10; (6) 00Cr19Ni10; (7) 0Cr19Ni9N; (8) 0Cr19Ni10NbN; (9) 00Cr18Ni10N; (10) 1Cr18Ni12; (11) 0Cr23Ni13; (12) 0Cr25Ni20; (13) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2; (14) 00Cr17Ni14Mo2; (15) 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N; (16) 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N; (17) 1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti; (18) 0Cr; 1Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (20) 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti; (21) 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2; (22) 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2; (23) 0Cr19Ni13Mo3; (24) 00Cr19Ni13Mo3; (25) 0Cr18Ni16Mo5; (26) 1Cr18Ni9Ti; (27) (29) 0Cr18Ni; 0Cr18Ni13Si4;

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chili ndi Ni ndi Cr zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chikhale cholimba kwambiri, cholimba, chotha kusungunula, cholimba komanso chopanda maginito kapena chofooka. Chimalimba bwino ndi dzimbiri mu okosijeni ndi kuchepetsa zinthu. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zolimbana ndi asidi, monga zotengera zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi zida zonyamulira ndi zoyendera. Mapaipi, zida zotsutsana ndi nitric acid, ndi zina zotero, zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chinthu chachikulu chokongoletsera. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli, ndiko kuti, chitsulocho chimatenthedwa mpaka 1050 mpaka 1150°C, kenako chimaziziritsidwa ndi madzi kapena kuzizira mpweya kuti chikhale ndi kapangidwe ka austenite ka gawo limodzi.

(2) chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic

Mitundu ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: (1) 1Cr17; (2) 00Cr30Mo2; (3) 00Cr17; (4) 00Cr17; (5) 1Cr17Mo; (6) 00Cr27Mo;

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Ferritic ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe kapangidwe kake kamakhala ferrite kutentha kwa chipinda. Kuchuluka kwa chromium ndi 11%-30%, kukana dzimbiri, kulimba ndi kusinthasintha kwake kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa chromium, kukana dzimbiri kwa chloride stress ndikwabwino kuposa mitundu ina ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri sichikhala ndi nickel, nthawi zina chimakhala ndi Mo, Ti, Nb ndi zinthu zina. Chitsulo chamtunduwu chili ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwakukulu, coefficient yaying'ono yokulirapo, kukana kwa okosijeni bwino, komanso kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri kwa stress. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kukana kwa mlengalenga, nthunzi yamadzi, madzi ndi ma acid oxidizing. Zigawo zozimiririka. Komabe, mawonekedwe a makina ndi magwiridwe antchito ake ndi osauka, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapangidwe olimbana ndi asidi omwe ali ndi kupsinjika pang'ono komanso ngati zitsulo zotsutsana ndi okosijeni. Zingathenso kupanga zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri, monga zigawo za turbine ya gasi.