API 5L mzere chitoliro cha chitoliro cha mafuta ndi gasi

Mapaipi a gasi atha kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: mapaipi osonkhanitsira gasi, mapaipi amafuta, ndi mapaipi ogawa gasi malinga ndi ntchito zawo.

① Mapaipi osonkhanitsira gasi: payipi yochokera pachitsime cha gasi kudzera pamalo osonkhanitsirawo kupita kumalo opangirako gasi kapena poyambira gasi wopondereza, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutolera gasi wachilengedwe wosayeretsedwa wotengedwa kuchokera pamalowo. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa chitsime cha gasi, kupanikizika kwa payipi yosonkhanitsa gasi nthawi zambiri kumakhala pamwamba pa 100 kgf/cm2, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi 50 mpaka 150 mm.

②Mapaipi a gasi: mapaipi ochokera kumalo opangira mafuta kapena kuyambitsa malo opangira mpweya wa gasi kupita kumalo ogawa gasi, ogwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu kapena malo osungira gasi m'mizinda ikuluikulu, komanso mapaipi omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pakati pa magwero a gasi. Pambuyo pokonza, payipi imagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka mapaipi. Ubwino wa gasi wachilengedwe (onani ukadaulo wapaipi yopatsira gasi) ndiye gawo lalikulu la njira yonse yotumizira mpweya. Kutalika kwa payipi ya gasi ndikokulirapo kuposa payipi yosonkhanitsira gasi komanso mapaipi ogawa gasi. Chitoliro chachikulu kwambiri cha gasi chili ndi mainchesi a 1420 mm. Gasi wachilengedwe amasamutsidwa mokakamizidwa kuchokera koyambira poyambira komanso malo opangira ma compressor pamzerewu. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa gasi ndi 70-80 kgf / cm2, ndipo kutalika kwa payipi kumatha kufika makilomita masauzande.

③Paipi yogawa gasi: payipi yochokera kumayendedwe akumatauni owongolera ndi metering kupita ku mzere wanthambi wogwiritsa ntchito imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika, nthambi zingapo, netiweki ya chitoliro chowundana, ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a chitoliro. Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa mapaipi achitsulo, mapaipi ogawa mpweya otsika amatha kupangidwanso ndi mapaipi apulasitiki kapena zida zina. .

X-60 low-alloy steel (malire amphamvu a 42 kgf / cm2) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mapaipi, ndipo zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri monga X-65 ndi X-70 zayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukana kwapaipi, mapaipi atsopano achitsulo opitilira 426 mm nthawi zambiri amakutidwa ndi zokutira zamkati.

Mipweya yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imayendetsedwa motsatizana mupaipi yomweyi, komanso kuyesa kwa mapaipi achilengedwe agasi ndi amadzimadzi pa -70 ° C ndi 77 kgf/cm2 kuthamanga kwambiri. Njira yoyendetsera mapaipi achilengedwe imakhala ndi magawo awiri: potengera gasi wamapaipi ndi njira yama line. Mzerewu umaphatikizapo mapaipi, zipinda za valve panjira, nyumba zodutsa (onani pulojekiti yodutsa mapaipi ndi pulojekiti yodutsa mapaipi), siteshoni ya chitetezo cha cathodic (onani anticorrosion pipeline), njira yolumikizira mapaipi, kutumiza ndi kuyang'anira zokha (onani kuyang'anira mapaipi), ndi zina zotero.

Chitoliro chachitsulo ndicho chinthu chachikulu cha payipi. Natural mpweya kufala zitsulo chitoliro ndi wapadera metallurgical mankhwala opangidwa ndi processing kwambiri mbale (lamba). Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa njira zamakono, bungwe la zitsulo payipi lili ndi kusiyana kwa mapaipi zitsulo opangidwa ndi opanga osiyanasiyana. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha kafukufuku wazitsulo zamapaipi, Canada ndi mayiko ena ayika zigawo zoyesa za X100 ndi X120 zitsulo zamapaipi. Mu ntchito ya mapaipi a Jining tie-line ku China, chitsulo chapaipi cha X80-grade chinagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pagawo loyesa la 7.71km. The 4,843km yaitali West-East Gasi Pipeline wa mzere wachiwiri thunthu thunthu amagwiritsa X80 zitsulo kalasi chitoliro zitsulo ndi awiri a 1219mm, amene kumawonjezera mpweya kufala kuthamanga kwa 12Mpa. Nthawi zambiri, X80 chitsulo ndi gawo la magawo awiri a ferrite ndi bainite, X100 chitoliro chitsulo ndi bainite kapangidwe, ndi X120 chitoliro chitsulo ndi Ultra-otsika carbon bainite ndi martensite.

Kwa mapaipi a gasi, mphamvu, kulimba ndi kutenthedwa ndi zizindikiro zitatu zoyendetsera khalidwe labwino [6].